A Phenomena-Based Physics, Vol. 3 for Grade 8

A Phenomena-Based Physics
Vol. 3 for Grade 8
By Manfred von Mackensen
Translated and edited by John Petering
AWSNA Publications, 1994-97
66 pages; paperback; $8.00

These books were written for class teachers in Waldorf Schools. At the same time, however, they can also serve as an introduction to a phenomena-centered study of physics for anyone interested in pursuing this approach. Von Mackensen is very careful in his methodology. As is appropriate for students of this age, he seeks to give them a broad and diverse experience of the phenomena. Developing an interest in and familiarity with the phenomena is the primary concern. Only gradually, after rich experience has been gathered, do theoretical considerations come into play.

Each of the three volumes begins with the same basic general introduction to the teaching methodology. Then the various fields of physics appropriate to the age group are introduced. A discussion of the main topics in the particular field is followed by detailed descriptions of a series of simple experiments.

Contents, Vol. 3: Grade 8

Introduction
Preface
Teaching, Technology and Life
The Landscape of Science
Alternative Science, No Thanks?
Developmental Psychology
Pedagogical Methods
To the Teacher

8th Grade Physics
Introduction

8th Grade Optics
Methodology
The View into the Water
The Prism
About Displacement and Magnification
Magnifying Glass, Burning Glass, Eyeglasses
Steps via Seven Mile Boots to a Telescope
Optics Experiments

8th Grade Heat
Convection - Radiant Heat
Radiant Heat
Heat Technology
Natural Images
Heat Experiments

8th Grade Electricity
The Electromagnet
The Telegraph
The Electric Bell
Measuring Instrument
Electric Motor
The Dynamo (Generator)
The Electrified World
Electricity Experiments

8th Grade Hydraulics/Hydrostatics
Pressure Phenomena
Depth Phenomena
Floating/Buoyancy
Submarines
Hydraulics Experiments

8th Grade Aeromechanics
Introduction
The Atmosphere
Barometers
Magdeburg Hemispheres
Experiments in Aeromechanics

8th Grade Acoustics
Introduction
Oscillations in Enclosed Air-Spaces (Standing Waves)
Waves in Free Air (Traveling Waves)
Velocity of Sound Waves
Vacuum
Experience of Tone/Sound
Acoustics Experiments